Some days' worth remained to be built at the time of the attack dummy tanks, guns and supplies were constructed to the south. To reinforce the impression that the attack was not ready, a dummy water pipeline was constructed, at an apparent rate of 5 mi (8.0 km) per day. The tanks were replaced that same night with dummies in their original positions, so the armour remained seemingly two or more days' journey behind the front line. Two nights before the attack, the tanks replaced the trucks, being covered with "Sunshields" before dawn. Real tanks were similarly parked openly, far behind the front. Trucks were parked openly in the tank assembly area for some weeks. Food was stacked in piles of boxes and draped with camouflage nets to resemble trucks. Petrol cans were stacked along the sides of existing revetted trenches, hidden in the shadows.
Field guns and their limbers were also disguised as trucks, their real wheels visible, under a simple box-shaped "Cannibal" canopy to give the shape of a truck. Real tanks were disguised as trucks, using light "Sunshield" canopies. Dummy tanks and guns were made mainly of local materials including calico and palm-frond hurdles. Bertram consisted of the creation of the appearance of army units where none existed and in concealing armour, artillery and matériel. All of these were planned to make the Axis believe that the attack would take place to the south, far from the coast road and railway, about two days later than the real attack. These were accompanied by electromagnetic deceptions codenamed Operation Canwell, using false radio traffic. The operation consisted of physical deceptions using dummies and camouflage, designed and made by the British Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate led by Geoffrey Barkas. Bertram was devised by Dudley Clarke to deceive Erwin Rommel about the timing and location of the Allied attack.
Operation Bertram was a Second World War deception operation practised by the Allied forces in Egypt led by Bernard Montgomery, in the months before the Second Battle of El Alamein in 1942.
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